Table 1 Demographic, clinical, biological and ventilatory support characteristics of patients with VAP according to the occurrence of ESBL-E VAP
Number with missing data | No ESBL-E VAP (n = 476) | ESBL-E VAP (n = 115) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 0 | 63 [56–70] | 63 [53–68] | 0.22 |
Male gender | 3 | 375 (79%) | 93 (81%) | 0.71 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 30 | 29 [25–33] | 29 [25–33] | 0.65 |
Ethnic origin | 111 | 0.03 | ||
Caucasian | 218 (57%) | 43 (43%) | ||
African | 111 (29%) | 42 (42%) | ||
Other | 52 (14%) | 14 (14%) | ||
Clinical frailty scale | 53 | 2 [2–3] | 2 [2–3] | 0.66 |
Comorbidities | ||||
No comorbidities | 2 | 81 (17%) | 16 (14%) | 0.41 |
Alcohol consumption | 15 | 22 (5%) | 5 (5%) | 0.92 |
Tabaco consumption | 14 | 19 (4%) | 4 (4%) | 0.99 |
Chronic respiratory disease | 5 | 103 (22%) | 28 (25%) | 0.49 |
Cardiovascular co-morbidities | 8 | 306 (65%) | 70 (61%) | 0.53 |
Treated hypertension | 5 | 241 (51%) | 57 (50%) | 0.84 |
Coronary artery disease | 4 | 52 (11%) | 9 (8%) | 0.33 |
Chronic heart failure | 8 | 15 (3%) | 4 (4%) | 0.77 |
Known Diabetes | 3 | 127 (27%) | 29 (25%) | 0.77 |
Chronic renal failure | 3 | 40 (8%) | 16 (14%) | 0.07 |
Cirrhosis | 3 | 3 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.99 |
Immunodeficiency | 3 | 31 (7%) | 15 (13%) | 0.02 |
Hematological malignancies | 3 | 13 (3%) | 3 (3%) | 0.99 |
Active solid tumor | 3 | 5 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.59 |
Solid organ transplant | 3 | 9 (2%) | 6 (5%) | 0.04 |
Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 3 | 6 (1%) | 2 (2%) | 0.66 |
Home treatment | ||||
Immunosuppressive therapya | 101 | 17 (4%) | 11 (11%) | 0.009 |
Long-term corticosteroids | 102 | 16 (4%) | 8 (8%) | 0.09 |
Treatment with NSAID before ICU admission | 91 | 34 (9%) | 7 (7%) | 0.63 |
In another country during 3 weeks before ICU admission | 89 | 15 (4%) | 4 (4%) | 0.99 |
Living place: home | 3 | 454 (96%) | 114 (99%) | 0.15 |
At ICU admission | ||||
SAPS II score | 27 | 37 [29–51] | 41 [32–49] | 0.25 |
SOFA score at ICU admission | 72 | 6 [3–9] | 7 [4–9] | 0.13 |
Patient origin | ||||
Emergency room Direct admission from home/emergency medical ambulance | 1 | 300 (63%) | 67 (58%) | |
Medical wards | 1 | 130 (27%) | 38 (33%) | |
Other ICU or Operating theatre | 1 | 45 (9%) | 10 (9%) | |
Concomitant bacterial pneumonia | 11 | 47 (10%) | 9 (8%) | 0.49 |
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 3 | 369 (78%) | 89 (77%) | 0.89 |
Biologyc | ||||
White blood count, × 106/L | 44 | 8600 [6200–11700] | 9000 [5300–9800] | 0.50 |
C-reactive protein, mg/L | 274 | 160 [110–248] | 169 [113–267] | 0.46 |
Procalcitonine, ng/mL | 386 | 0.46 [0.23–1.37] | 0.64 [0.38–2.48] | 0.08 |
During the first 48 h following ICU admission | ||||
Prone position | 42 | 215 (48%) | 60 (57%) | 0.11 |
Neuromuscular blockade | 42 | 385 (86%) | 96 (91%) | 0.19 |
ECMO | 2 | 24 (5%) | 3 (3%) | 0.33 |
Dialysis | 2 | 33 (7%) | 14 (12%) | 0.06 |
Antibiotics | 1 | 435 (92%) | 109 (95%) | 0.25 |
CT scan | 51 | 113 (26%) | 25 (25%) | 0.89 |
Corticosteroids | 3 | 81 (17%) | 17 (15%) | 0.61 |
Corticosteroids the first week | 0 | 126 (27%) | 31 (27%) | 0.98 |
On the day of VAP | ||||
Time between admission and VAP | 0 | 10 [7–15] | 12 [9–21] | 0.001 |
Time between intubation and VAP | 0 | 8 [5–12] | 10 [7–18] | 0.003 |
SOFA score | 194 | 9 [7–11] | 10 [7–13] | 0.15 |
Non respiratory SOFA | 194 | 7 [7, 8] | 7 [4–9] | 0.21 |
Catecholamine | 94 | 153 (37%) | 34 (39%) | 0.76 |
PaO2/FiO2 | 110 | 150 [115–220] | 138 [103–184] | 0.02 |
PEEP | 107 | 11 [8–13] | 12 [10–14] | 0.03 |
Neuromuscular blockade | 93 | 193(47%) | 47 (53%) | 0.28 |
Prone position | 92 | 105 (26%) | 28 (32%) | 0.23 |
ECMO | 85 | 28 (7%) | 8 (9%) | 0.43 |
Dialysis | 80 | 51 (12%) | 15 (17%) | 0.24 |
Antibiotics | 81 | 237 (56%) | 56 (62%) | 0.30 |